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The Sayyid ((アラビア語:سيد)) (plural ''sādah'' (アラビア語:سادة)) of Gujarat are members of the wider Sayyid community of South Asia. They are also known as Pirzada.〔People of India Gujarat Volume XXI Part Three edited by R.B Lal, P.B.S.V Padmanabham, G Krishnan & M Azeez Mohideen pages 1346-1351〕 ==History and origin== ''Sayyid ((アラビア語:سيد)) (plural ''sādah'' (アラビア語:سادة)) literally means ''Mister''. In the Arab world itself, the word is the equivalent of the English "Mister", as in ''Sayyid John Smith''. The same concept is expressed by the word ''sidi'' (from the contracted form ''sayyidī'' 'my lord') in the Moroccan dialect of Arabic.〔People of India by Herbert Risely〕 As an honorific title, the term ''Sayyid'' is given to males accepted as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husain ibn Ali, who were the sons of the prophet's daughter Fatima Zahra and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib. Daughters of male ''sayyids'' are given the titles ''Sayyida'', ''Alawiyah'', ''Syarifah'', or ''Sharifah''. Children of a ''Sayyida'' mother but a non-''Sayyid'' father cannot be attributed the title of Sayyid, however they may claim maternal descent and are called ''Mirza''〔Muslim Communities in Gujarat by Satish C Misra pages 117-122〕 Sayyids are Arabs by origin, and Sayyids and are by descent a branch of the tribe of Banu Hashim, a clan from the tribe of Quraish, which traces its lineage to Adnan, whose lineage traces back to the Prophet Ismael the son of the Prophet Ibrahim or Abraham. In Gujarat, most of the Sayyid families are descended from individuals invited by the Muslim rulers of Gujarat, as advisor and administrators, and granted jagirs. During the period of Sultan Mahamud Beghada (1458 -1511 ) the Sayyid of Gothada, Thasra & Pali -Saadat-e-Bara In Thasra Sayyid Mustufa ( 500 Bigha Jagiri Sanad), In Gothada Near Savli -Sayyid Alaad ( Allauddin) -500 Bigha Jagiri Sanad & Pali Sayyid Nateeb 500 Bigha Jagiri Sanad, Sultan Mahamud Beghada Provided Land to Three Sayyid Brothers & grant to settle there after victory of Pavagadh fort In 1484 The young Sultan, after laying siege for 20 months, conquered the fort on 21 November 1484. He then transferred his capital to Champaner which he completely rebuilt at the foothills of the Pavagadh fort, calling it Muhammadabad. & Syed Mustufa's son Syed Mohammed Qaziulqazat who was given a post of chief justice and a grant of three villages in Sarnal, Gujarat by emperor Aurangzeb in 1674 AD and he migrated there. His descendants form the branch of Sadat Bárha in Gujarat. Mughal rule in Gujarat (1570–1750), they held the majority of the civil and ecclesiastical posts. For example the Sayyids of Thasra, Kheda district were invited as administrators and judges by Emperor Aurangzeb and provided land grants to settle there. They also provided an important element in the Mughal army, and many are still found in the old Muslim garrison towns such as Ahmedabad. In addition, many of the early Sufi saints that came to Gujarat belonged to Sayyid families. Most of these Sayyid families came from Central Asia and Iran, but many of those found in the coastal towns of Khambhat and Surat originate from Yemen, Oman, Basra and Bahrain.〔 In Gujarat, the Sayyid have ten sub-divisions, the main ones being the Shirazi, Mattari, Bukhari, Naqvi, Tirmizi, Zaidi, Rifai, Bhaktari, Qadiris, Chishti, mahdavi, Kitoi, Mashadi, Idrusi, and Bahraini. Of these, the Bukhari Sayyids are perhaps the most well known. Their forebear, Syed Burhanuddin Qutb-Alam was the patron sain of Sultan Muzaffar Shah, the first Muslim Sultan of Gujarat. Even more well known was his son Shah Alam, who flourished during the reigns of Qutibudin Shah and Mahmud Begada. It played an important in the medieval and early modern history of Gujarat, and now divided into several branches. Other prominent Sayyid include the Mahdavi family. They are now found mainly in Palanpur and Dabhoi, and claim descent form Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri, the founder of the sect and his son in law Syed Khundmir. They are the hereditary pirs of the Tai community. And finally, the family of the Nizari Ismaili pirs is perhaps the most influential of the Gujarat Sayyid. They are distributed all over Gujarat, and descend from Imam Shah, a famous medieval Ismaili missionary. The Dais (heads) of the Mustali Ismaili, known in Gujarat as the Bohra, are also Sayyids.〔 Other communities include the Bahrain Sayyid,whose ancestors arrived from Bahrain during the rule of Sultan Mahmud Begada, the Matari Syeds who arrived from the village of Mattar in Sindh during the period of Mughal rule. The ancestors of the Khodari Syeds were invited by the Nawabs of Junagadh, while those of the Bukhari Sayyids arrived from Central Asia as the invitation of Sultan Ahmed Shah. The community now speak both Gujarati and Urdu, and are concentrated in Kutch, Gandhinagar, Baroda, and Bhavnagar, with two thirds of the Sayyid found in Village Gothada, Near Savli Baroda The Sayyid of Gothada are Zaidi Sayyid - Saadat-e-Bara and other are Bukhari & Qadiri Sayyid also settle there .〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sayyid of Gujarat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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